Microbial remediation of cadmium-contaminated soils and its mechanisms: a review / 生物工程学报

Excessive levels of cadmium (Cd) in soil exert serious negative impacts on soil ecosystems. Microorganisms are a common component of soil and show great potential for mitigating soil Cd. This review summarizes the application and remediation mechanisms of microorganisms, microbial-plants, and microbial-biochar in Cd-contaminated soil. Microorganisms such as Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can change the biological validity of Cd through adsorption, mineralization, precipitation and dissolution. Different factors such as pH, temperature, biomass, concentration, and duration have significant effects on Cd bioavailability by microorganisms. Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Flavobacterium can promote the uptake of Cd2+ by hyperaccumulator through promotion and activation. Biochar, a soil amendment, possesses unique physicochemical properties and could act as a shelter for microorganisms in agriculture. The use of combined microbial-biochar can further stabilize Cd compared to using biochar alone.

Mechanism of ROS activate TGF-β1 pathway to regulate airway epithelial mesenchymal transition in asthma / 国际儿科学杂志

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease.Its pathogenesis is complex and still unclear.Recent studies have found that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of bronchial asthma.When oxidative stress injury occurs in asthma airway, epithelial cells release a large amount of reactive oxygen species(ROS)to activate multiple signaling pathways mediated by transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1), and then induce epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)to participate in airway remodeling.This article reviews the mechanism of ROS activate TGF-β1 to induce EMT in asthma, aiming to seek a new theoretical basis for airway remodeling in asthmatic airway, and to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of airway remodeling in asthma.

HOXD Antisense Growth-Associated Long Noncoding RNA Promotes TripleNegative Breast Cancer Progression by Activating Wnt Signaling Pathway / 한국유방암학회지

Purpose@#Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer owing to high heterogeneity, aggressive nature, and lack of treatment options, which has a substantial deleterious effect on patients' lives. HOXD antisense growth-associated long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) (HAGLR) plays tumor-promoting roles in many cancers. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of HAGLR in TNBC. @*Methods@#Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to examine the expression of RNAs. Functional experiments were conducted to test the biological behavior of TNBC cells. Moreover, MS2-RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter, and RNA pulldown assays were conducted to verify the binding relationship between HAGLR, microRNA-143-5p (miR-143-5p), and serine- and arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1). @*Results@#HAGLR was found to be highly expressed in TNBC tissues and cells, and inhibiting HAGLR suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis in TNBC. Meanwhile, miR-93-5p was shown to bind to HAGLR and SRSF1. In addition, SRSF1 plays an oncogenic role in TNBC. Importantly, HAGLR could activate the Wnt signaling pathway by sponging miR-93-5p to upregulate SRSF1; thus, accelerating TNBC progression. @*Conclusion@#HAGLR could promote the progression of TNBC through the miR-93-5p/SRSF1 axis to activate the Wnt signaling pathway.

HOXD Antisense Growth-Associated Long Noncoding RNA Promotes TripleNegative Breast Cancer Progression by Activating Wnt Signaling Pathway / 한국유방암학회지

Purpose@#Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer owing to high heterogeneity, aggressive nature, and lack of treatment options, which has a substantial deleterious effect on patients' lives. HOXD antisense growth-associated long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) (HAGLR) plays tumor-promoting roles in many cancers. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of HAGLR in TNBC. @*Methods@#Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to examine the expression of RNAs. Functional experiments were conducted to test the biological behavior of TNBC cells. Moreover, MS2-RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter, and RNA pulldown assays were conducted to verify the binding relationship between HAGLR, microRNA-143-5p (miR-143-5p), and serine- and arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1). @*Results@#HAGLR was found to be highly expressed in TNBC tissues and cells, and inhibiting HAGLR suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis in TNBC. Meanwhile, miR-93-5p was shown to bind to HAGLR and SRSF1. In addition, SRSF1 plays an oncogenic role in TNBC. Importantly, HAGLR could activate the Wnt signaling pathway by sponging miR-93-5p to upregulate SRSF1; thus, accelerating TNBC progression. @*Conclusion@#HAGLR could promote the progression of TNBC through the miR-93-5p/SRSF1 axis to activate the Wnt signaling pathway.

Analysis of pathological features and prognosis of T1 invasive ductal breast carcinoma with calcification / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the pathological characteristics and prognostic influencing factors of T1 invasive ductal breast carcinoma with calcification.Methods The clinicopathological and follow-up data in 172 patients with initially treated operable T1 invasive ductal breast cancer in this hospital from June 2012 to June 2013 were analyzed restrospectively.The patients were divided into the calcification group and non-calcification group based on the breast X-ray image features.The differences of pathological characteristics between two groups,related factors,and relationship between the calcification expression with patient survival were analyzed.Results The pathological types,lymph node metastasis,Her-2 overexpression,TNM stage and Ki-67 had statistically significant difference between the calcification group and non-calcification group(P＜0.05).The multivariate analysis showed that the cases type,lymph node metastasis and Ki-67 were the related risk factors affecting the calcification expression(P＜0.05).The 3-year disease-free survival rate in the the calcifi cation group and non-calcification group were 87.30％ and 95.06％ respectively.The lymph node status and calcification were the independent predictive risk factors affecting the disease-free survival time of invasive ductal breast carcinoma(P＜0.05).Conclusion Calcification is visible X-ray risk factor of T1 invasive ductal breast carcinoma prognosis.

Investigation on Demodex infection status and influencing factors in medical students in Wuhu City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the Demodex infection status and influencing factors in medical students in Wuhu City. Methods The mite specimens were collected by the cellophane tape method,and the influencing factors were investigated through the questionnaires. Results A total of 316 medical students were surveyed,117 students were infected with Demodex mite,and the total infection rate was 37.03%. There was no significant difference between the male and female in the infection rate( χ2 = 0.00,P > 0.05). Of the 117 infected cases,the infection rate of simple Demodex folliculorum was 51.28%,the infec-tion rate of simple Demodex brevis was 24.79%,and the rate of mixed infections was 23.93%. The rate of the mild infection (83.76%)was significantly higher than that of the moderate infection(12.82 %)and that of the severe infection(3.42%). The infection rate in the forehead was the highest(29.41%). Among the students with the oily skin,the infection rate of Demodex mite was related to sex. The infection rate of simple Demodex brevis in the male(3.70%)was lower than that in the female (16.42%)( χ2 = 6.92,P < 0.05),while the rate of the mixed infections in the male(17.28%)was higher than that in the fe-male(4.48%)( χ2 = 5.91,P < 0.05). The infection rate of facial skin with symptoms(51.80%)was higher than that of normal facial skin(33.05%)( χ2 = 9.14,P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the infection rate of Demodex mite and the living habits and other factors. Conclusions There is some infection of Demodex in the medical students. The infection rate of facial skin with symptoms is higher than that of the normal facial skin. So we should strengthen the prevention and treat-ment of Demodex infection in medical students.

Clinical characteristics and survival analysis of 37 cases of breast carcinosarcoma / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of breast carcinosarcoma.Methods Clinical data of 37 breast carcinosarcoma patients treated at Tianjin Cancer Hospital from 1974 to 2014 was analyzed retrospectively.Kaplan-Meier unvariate analysis was used to calculate the survival rate and compare the survival rates.Multivariate factors for survival were analyzed by COX proportional hazards regression model.Results 37 cases of breast carcinosarcoma were all female.The median age was 55 years.Among them 31 cases complained for painless mass,six cases had breast mass with skin ulceration.21 cases were three-negative breast cancer.Ten cases had axillary lymph node metastasis,ten cases had distant metastasis.The 5-year survival rate was 62.3％.Unvariate analysis showed that axillary lymphnodes metastasis (P =0.045) and therapeutic schedule (P =0.016) significantly influenced the oulcome of the patients.COX multivariate analysis validated that the therapy modality was an independent prognostic factor for breast carcinosarcoma(P =0.041).Conclusions Breast carcinosarcoma is rare and has a poor prognosis.ER,PR and HER-2 expressions in most cases are negative.If there is axillary lymph node metastasis,the prognosis is poor.A reasonable and comprehensive treatment can improve the prognosis.

Applied exploration of formative evaluation in teaching of pediatric surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To explore the promotion of formative assessment for teaching, the surgery teaching and research section of Institute of Pediatric has carried out formative assessment in theory teaching of pediatric medicine pediatric surgery for seven-year program for two consecutive years , and the teaching effects and assessment results have been made detalled analysis. The results shows that for-mative assessment combining with summative assessment can guide the students to adjust learning method in time and improve teaching methods effectively. Compared with the pure summative evalua-tion, formative assessment has enhanced the students' learning initiative, and improved their abilityof learning and solving problems. Formative assessment can comprehensively measure the overall quality of students.

Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Germline Mutations in Breast Cancer Women of Multiple Ethnic Region in Northwest China / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to further understand the status of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation among Chinese high-risk breast cancer patients in multiple-ethnic regions of China. METHODS: A total of 79 blood samples of high-risk breast cancer patients from Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region were analyzed by PCR-DHPLC sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Analysis with full length of the two genes identified a total of 6 deleterious mutations (2073delA, 2394C-T [Q759X] and IVS16+1G>A in BRCA1; 1627A-T [K467X], 6873delCTCC and 9481delA in BRCA2) in this cohort. The prevalence of BRCA1/2 germline mutation was about 7.6% (6/79) in the Xinjiang multiple ethnic region of China. Among them, 3 novel deleterious mutations, 2073delA in BRCA1 (Han ethnic Chinese) and BRCA2 variants 6873delCTCC and 9481delA (both are Kazakh ethnic Chinese), were identified and they had never been reported in breast cancer information core (BIC) database before. 2394C-T (Q759X) and IVS16+1G>A, in BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants 1627A-T were previously reported in other populations but not Chinese. Among 6 of the BRCA-related tumors, three BRCA1- and one BRCA2-associated tumors were in triple negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 negative expressed) status and exhibited a high tumor grade. So far none of these 6 deleterious mutations were reported in ethnic Han Chinese. CONCLUSION: BRCA germline mutation in Chinese multiple ethnicity region may exhibit different genotypes compared to ethnic Han Chinese in other regions. These differences may arise from interaction of genetic background and environmental factors.

BRCA mutations and clinical pathological features of 30 patients with high-risk triple negative breast cancer in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective Knowing the BRCA gene mutational condition of high risk triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous and acquiring the differences of clinical and pathologic characteristics between person with BRCA gene mutation and person without it by means of BRCA gene mutation testing for 30 cases of TNBC in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous.Methods The objects of this study were 30 cases of high risk TNBC from Xinjiang.All the coded sequences of BRCA1/2 gene were amplified by means of extracting genomic DNA from peripheral venous blood.BRCA1/2 gene mutation analysis were prescreened through DHPLC.Then,the result was verified by DNA sequencing.The clinical and pathologic characteristics between person with BRCA gene mutation and person without it of 30 high risk TNBC cases were contrastively analysed.Results In all the 30 cases of BRCA gene mutation testing for TNBC in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous,there were 5 cases of pathogenic mutations of BRCA gene (5/30,16.7 ％); 4 cases of BRCA 1 mutation (4/30,13.3 ％); 1 case of BRCA 2 mutation (1/30,3.3 ％); and there was no mutation to be found in 25 cases of BRCA gene of TNBC (25/30,83.3 ％).As compared with person without gene mutation,who with it had the characteristics of earlier of TNM,the difference was statistically significant (P =0.040).Conclusion Since the rate of BRCA1 gene mutation of high risk TNBC is higher.It is suggested that the BRCA gene of every patients with high risk TNBC should be tested.Comparing with person with BRCA gene mutation and person without it,there might have differences on clinical pathological characteristics features.Therefor,individualized treatment should be taken into consideration.